{"id":4459,"date":"2022-05-05T11:27:54","date_gmt":"2022-05-05T09:27:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.copyright.eu\/?post_type=docs&#038;p=4459"},"modified":"2022-05-09T09:59:05","modified_gmt":"2022-05-09T07:59:05","password":"","slug":"concurrence-deloyale-ou-parasitaire-pour-la-protection-dun-concept","status":"publish","type":"docs","link":"https:\/\/www.copyright.eu\/fr\/docs\/concurrence-deloyale-ou-parasitaire-pour-la-protection-dun-concept\/","title":{"rendered":"Concurrence d\u00e9loyale ou parasitaire pour la protection d\u2019un concept"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span class=\"test-id__field-value slds-form-element__static slds-grow is-read-only\" data-aura-rendered-by=\"20:181;a\"><span data-aura-rendered-by=\"12:181;a\">En l\u2019absence de droit privatif sur le concept, la voie indirecte de <b>protection d\u00e9fensive du concept<\/b> est la <a href=\"https:\/\/www.copyright.eu\/docs\/la-concurrence-deloyale\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">concurrence d\u00e9loyale<\/a>. Il s\u2019agit d\u2019un concept venant du droit de la concurrence, qui s\u2019emploie \u00e0 r\u00e9guler les relations entre les acteurs \u00e9conomiques. Ce n\u2019est pas une protection du concept en tant que tel, mais plut\u00f4t un moyen de r\u00e9agir en cas d\u2019usurpation.<\/span><br data-aura-rendered-by=\"12:181;a\" \/><br data-aura-rendered-by=\"12:181;a\" \/><span data-aura-rendered-by=\"12:181;a\">En effet, la <b>libre concurrence<\/b> est valable tant que les professionnels n\u2019utilisent pas de proc\u00e9d\u00e9s d\u00e9loyaux, c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire contraires aux usages professionnels et dans le but de nuire \u00e0 leurs concurrents. On parle alors de concurrence d\u00e9loyale. <\/span><br data-aura-rendered-by=\"12:181;a\" \/><br data-aura-rendered-by=\"12:181;a\" \/><span data-aura-rendered-by=\"12:181;a\">Bien que ce comportement ne soit pas d\u00e9fini par les diff\u00e9rents Codes, les actes qui constituent une concurrence d\u00e9loyale sont r\u00e9pr\u00e9hensibles sur le fondement de la responsabilit\u00e9 civile extracontractuelle des <b>articles 1240 et 1241 du Code Civil<\/b>. Les conditions et actes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9finis par la jurisprudence.\u00a0 \u00c0 noter qu\u2019il est possible d\u2019exercer une action en contrefa\u00e7on en m\u00eame temps qu\u2019une action en concurrence d\u00e9loyale de fa\u00e7on compl\u00e9mentaire, selon les droits d\u00e9tenus par l\u2019entreprise victime, permettant d\u2019agir aussi sur le plan p\u00e9nal. <\/span><br data-aura-rendered-by=\"12:181;a\" \/><br data-aura-rendered-by=\"12:181;a\" \/><span data-aura-rendered-by=\"12:181;a\">Il s\u2019agit d\u2019une pratique commerciale abusive qui se prouve par la <b>cumulation de trois conditions<\/b>\u00a0: <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<ul data-aura-rendered-by=\"12:181;a\">\n<li>Une faute\u00a0: un acte intentionnel ou non qui nuit \u00e0 une entreprise concurrente\u00a0;<\/li>\n<li>Un pr\u00e9judice\u00a0: il doit \u00eatre certain (pas pr\u00e9sum\u00e9 ou pr\u00e9tendu), comme une perte excessive de clients, de chiffre d\u2019affaires, ou un d\u00e9bauchage anormal de salari\u00e9s, et seule l\u2019entreprise vis\u00e9e par l\u2019acte de concurrence d\u00e9loyale peut s\u2019en pr\u00e9valoir (pas de pr\u00e9judice par ricochet)\u00a0;<\/li>\n<li>Un lien de causalit\u00e9\u00a0: il doit exister un lien de cause \u00e0 effet entre la faute et le pr\u00e9judice.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span class=\"test-id__field-value slds-form-element__static slds-grow is-read-only\" data-aura-rendered-by=\"20:181;a\"><span data-aura-rendered-by=\"12:181;a\">La preuve se fait le plus souvent par constat d\u2019huissier. <b>Les sanctions sont de nature civile<\/b>\u00a0et elles sont principalement constitu\u00e9es de dommages-int\u00e9r\u00eats, la cessation des actes d\u00e9loyaux et quelques mesures accessoires (destruction de mat\u00e9riel ayant servi aux actes d\u00e9loyaux, publication de la d\u00e9cision de justice\u2026). <\/span><br data-aura-rendered-by=\"12:181;a\" \/><br data-aura-rendered-by=\"12:181;a\" \/><span data-aura-rendered-by=\"12:181;a\">Les m\u00e9thodes de concurrence d\u00e9loyale sont principalement les suivantes\u00a0: <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<ul data-aura-rendered-by=\"12:181;a\">\n<li>L\u2019<b>imitation<\/b>\u00a0: l\u2019utilisation des m\u00eames signes distinctifs qu\u2019une entreprise concurrente, cr\u00e9ant la confusion.<\/li>\n<li>Le <b>parasitisme<\/b>\u00a0: profiter des efforts et savoir-faire d\u2019un concurrent sans participer \u00e0 cet effort (ne n\u00e9cessitant pas n\u00e9cessairement de rapport de concurrence).<\/li>\n<li>Le <b>d\u00e9nigrement<\/b>\u00a0: critiquer ouvertement et publiquement une entreprise concurrente sur son travail, ses m\u00e9thodes, ses produits, en l\u2019identifiant clairement.<\/li>\n<li>La <b>d\u00e9sorganisation<\/b>\u00a0: elle peut \u00eatre vari\u00e9e, mais majoritairement, il s\u2019agit de d\u00e9bauchage massif et abusif de salari\u00e9 ou de la r\u00e9v\u00e9lation de secrets de l\u2019entreprise (comme les secrets de fabrication).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div data-aura-rendered-by=\"12:181;a\"><\/div>\n<p><span class=\"test-id__field-value slds-form-element__static slds-grow is-read-only\" data-aura-rendered-by=\"20:181;a\"><span data-aura-rendered-by=\"12:181;a\">Dans le cadre de la d\u00e9fense d\u2019un concept, les trois notions qui retiendront l\u2019attention sont l\u2019imitation, la d\u00e9sorganisation, et le parasitisme.<\/span><br data-aura-rendered-by=\"12:181;a\" \/><br data-aura-rendered-by=\"12:181;a\" \/><span data-aura-rendered-by=\"12:181;a\">Serait sanctionnable une entreprise concurrente directe qui imiterait la publicit\u00e9, de signes distinctifs, ou encore les produits et services d\u2019une entreprise, cr\u00e9ant un r\u00e9el risque de confusion (Cass. Com., 9 juillet 2013, n\u00b0 12-22.166).<\/span><br data-aura-rendered-by=\"12:181;a\" \/><br data-aura-rendered-by=\"12:181;a\" \/><span data-aura-rendered-by=\"12:181;a\">Aussi, la d\u00e9sorganisation serait r\u00e9primable dans le cas o\u00f9, par exemple, un ancien employ\u00e9, dirigeant, ou partenaire divulgue le concept qui \u00e9tait encore un secret (Paris, 22 mai 1990, D. 1990, IR p.175). <\/span><br data-aura-rendered-by=\"12:181;a\" \/><span data-aura-rendered-by=\"12:181;a\">Surtout, serait sanctionnable l\u2019ensemble de comportements d\u2019un concurrent qui s\u2019immisce dans le sillage d\u2019un autre afin de tirer profit de sa notori\u00e9t\u00e9, efforts et de ses investissements, sans rien d\u00e9penser (C. Cass., Ch. Com., 26 janvier 1999, pourvoi n\u00b0 96-22.457). Ainsi, le Tribunal de Commerce de Paris a pu juger qu\u2019un concept prot\u00e9geable \u00ab <i>constitue une valeur \u00e9conomique, individualis\u00e9e et procurant un avantage concurrentiel, fruit d\u2019un savoir-faire, d\u2019un travail intellectuel et d\u2019investissements<\/i> \u00bb (T. Com. Paris, 28 septembre 2015, n\u00b02014-027464, Sound Strategy c. Concepson ; confirm\u00e9 en appel\u00a0: CA Paris, 7 mars 2017, n\u00b015\/22802). C\u2019est le r\u00e9sultat d\u2019un investissement, qui peut \u00eatre publicitaire, \u00e9conomique, intellectuel ou encore le r\u00e9sultat d\u2019une notori\u00e9t\u00e9. <\/span><br data-aura-rendered-by=\"12:181;a\" \/><br data-aura-rendered-by=\"12:181;a\" \/><span data-aura-rendered-by=\"12:181;a\">Il a pu \u00eatre reconnu par les juges qu\u2019une id\u00e9e, dot\u00e9e d\u2019une singularit\u00e9 acquise par des investissements et que le fautif a d\u00e9tourn\u00e9, est prot\u00e9geable par une action en parasitisme comme concept original (CA Paris, P\u00f4le 5, ch. 4, 7 oct. 2015, n\u00b0\u00a010\/11257). Ceci a pu \u00e9galement \u00eatre reconnu en cas d\u2019appropriation indue d\u2019un travail, d\u2019une recherche ou d\u2019un savoir-faire (Cass. com., 24 nov. 2015, n\u00b0 14-16.806, Civ. 1re, 22 juin 2017, n\u00b0\u00a014-20.310, CA Paris, p\u00f4le 5, ch. 2, 15 avr. 2016, n\u00b0\u00a012\/072530).<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Dans le cadre d&rsquo;un concept \u00e9conomique \u00e0 forte valeur ajout\u00e9e, il est parfois n\u00e9cessaire de le partager \u00e0 des partenaires \u00e9conomiques, fournisseurs, ou encore associ\u00e9s. Le droit de la concurrence d\u00e9loyale est alors fondamental, car il peut permettre de se d\u00e9fendre contre une appropriation indue.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1003,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"default","ast-site-content-layout":"","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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